“To improve is to change; to be perfect is to change often.” —Winston Churchill

This report examines how disruptive technologies impact public-private partnership (PPP) infrastructure; what this means for the management of existing PPP contracts; and how better partnerships can be created—ones that are more resilient to such changes, as well as flexible enough to encourage collaboration between the public and private sectors in order to allow implementation of innovative technologies.

Find a full outline to contents, figures, tables, boxes and modules found on the Disruption and PPPs Section in PPPLRC, or

Find a list of helpful terms used in the Disruption and PPPs Section, or download the Full Report to find more.

Leveraging Knowledge Generators, eg science parks or innovation hubs. Co-location with universities or other generators of knowledge/capacity can attract new energy, innovation and higher rents while also creating opportunities for local land-owners.

Leveraging regulatory changes, eg special economic zones, land zoning, using regulatory regimes, marketing and tax breaks.

By-product Commercialization e.g. refuse derived fuel, methane capture, biochar, energy-from-waste, compost or recycling.

E-Commerce Services, where the infrastructure creates a virtual space.

Urban congestion zone charges provide a method for reducing congestion, improving environmental impact, reducing accidents, and creating an additional revenue stream for transit projects in the zone.

Betterment levy are charges based on the specific benefit properties receives from public improvements.

Infrastructure projects should consider cost savings from e.g. building energy efficiency, LED streetlighting, rooftop or floating solar.