In small towns and rural areas of Uganda, where 90% of the population lives, water shortages are part of daily life. In these areas, 60% of the population lacks access to safe water, and water borne diseases and infant mortality are widespread. To help the Ugandan government achieve greater efficiency and improve access to water through public-private partnerships (PPP), IFC signed a mandate to implement the Uganda Small Scale Infrastructure Provider (SSIP) Water Program in 2007.

While most countries are committed to increasing access to safe water and thereby reducing child mortality, there is little consensus on how to actually improve water services. One important proposal under discussion is whether to privatize water provision. In the 1990s Argentina embarked on one of the largest privatization campaigns in the world including the privatization of local water companies covering approximately 30 percent of the country’s municipalities. Using the varia tion in ownership of water provision across time and space generated by the privatization process, we find that child mortality fell 8 percent in the areas that privatized their water services; and that the effect was largest (26 percent) in the poorest areas. We check the robustness of these estimates using cause specific mortality. While privatization is associated with significant reductions in deaths from infectious and parasitic diseases, it is uncorrelated with deaths from causes unrelated to water conditions.

Act to provide for the rights of access to basic water supply and basic sanitation; to provide for the setting of national standards and of norms and standards for tariffs; to provide for water services development plans; to provide a regulatory framework for water services institutions and water services intermediaries; to provide for the establishment and disestablishment of water boards and water services committees and their powers and duties; to provide for the monitoring of water services and intervention by the Minister or by the relevant Province; to provide for financial assistance to water services institutions; to provide for certain general powers of the Minister; to provide for the gathering of information in a national information system and the distribution of that information; to repeal certain laws; and to provide for matters connected therewith.

In the water sector of developing countries the investment boom of the late 1990s has been followed by declining investment flows and the cancellation or distress of several high-profile projects. Enthusiasm has been replaced by doubts. But recent data paint a more nuanced picture. Activity in 2005 suggests that private participation in the water sector is entering a new phase. New private activity is focusing on smaller projects, a few countries, and bulk facilities. Contractual arrangements involving utilities are combining private opera- tion with public financing. And new players are entering the market.

有关水电和可再生能源以及非洲和拉丁美洲的实例之专题文章对这个当今最重要和开展最快的领域之一进行了前瞻。

最近更新 : 2016年12月11日，星期日

本部分介绍了多个亚洲发展机构在改进城市服务治理和供应方面的城市领导者和代表的经验，尤其是通过与私营方和非政府组织合作。

本部分还总结了1999年6月在科伦坡举办的“亚洲市场论坛”的内容。