The Victorian Government Risk Management Framework (VGRMF) describes the minimum risk management requirements agencies are required to meet to demonstrate that they are managing risk effectively, including inter agency and state significant risk. It outlines the role and responsibilities of an agency’s responsible body. The VGRMF adopts the Australian and New Zealand Standard AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009 Risk Management – Principles and Guidelines which provides a generic, internationally accepted basis for best practice risk management.

This report is not an exhaustive, detailed assessment of all Risk Mitigation instruments and products that are used both in infrastructure investments and other investment classes. Instead, it focuses on those products that are used to mitigate one type of these risks that make infrastructure a distinct investment class, namely, political risks. – A framework was developed to assess gaps in the provision of Risk Mitigation instruments in the emergingmarket geographies of Asia, Africa, emerging Europe and Latin America and the ability of the respective IFIs to provide risk mitigation.

On July 17, 2014, the Build America Investment Initiative was implemented as a government-wide effort to increase infrastructure investment and economic growth. As part of that effort, the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDO T) established the Build America Transportation Investment Center (BA TIC). The BA TIC helped public and private project sponsors better understand and utilize public-private partnerships (P3s) and provided assistance to sponsors seeking to navigate the regulatory and credit processes and programs within the Department.

The paper is organized as follows. Chapter 1 takes stock of the infrastructure development in Caribbean countries relative to comparable countries in the Pacific region and sub-Saharan Africa, and discusses the challenges limiting infrastructure provision in the region. Chapter 2 analyzes how PPPs can help the countries in the region and the potential risks associated with them. Chapter 3 provides recommendations on how Caribbean countries can address the challenges related to PPPs and improve the management of fiscal risks stemming from PPPs. Chapter 4 concludes.

A methodological overview of NTP priority and implementation offered practical guidance in the healthcare context. The five critical factors in maintaining successful and sustainable PPPs were (1) trustworthiness, (2) technological capability, (3) patient-centeredness, (4) competence, and (5) flexibility. Concession on primary and secondary healthcare services might be a good option based on the literature review and considering its popularity in other countries. A high outcome-based risk of PPPs was found as the most commonly shared perspective in risk management.

Long term financing to infrastructure and mobilization of private long term capital has been recognized as a key agenda in advancing the global economic development. There are several barriers in infrastructure financing and big gaps between expectation and reality. A highly pronounced barrier is the lacking of capacity of investors to price risks in a structured manner. This paper has discussed component-based infrastructure valuation analysis and modeling blocks.

This guide is primarily intended for technical officials in developing country governments looking to understand the potential traffic risk in highway PPP projects, how it can affect the viability of projects, and the actions they can take to maximize project success.

The Climate and Disaster Risk Screening Tools developed by the World Bank, provide a systematic, consistent, and transparent way of considering short- and long-term climate and disaster risks in project and national/sector planning processes. Screening is an initial, but essential, step to ensure these risks are assessed and managed to support mainstreaming of climate and disaster resilience into key development policies, programs, and projects.

No methodology has yet been generally accepted for assessing the significance of climate risks relative to all other risks to water resources projects. 

Further Reading and Resources

• Infrastructure Financing in Asian Landlocked Developing Countries: Challenges, Opportunities and Modalities, prepared by Ulukbek Usubaliev, Financing for Development Section, Macroeconomic Policy and Financing for Development Division of the United Nations Economic and Social Commi