Daube, Dirk, Susann Vollrath, and Hans Wilhelm Alfen. 2008. “A Comparison of Project Finance and the Forfeiting Model as Financing Forms for PPP Projects in Germany.” International Journal of Project Management 26 (4) 376-387. [#4246]
DE. 2014. Leitfaden Wirtschaftlichkeitsuntersuchungen (WU) bei der Vorbereitung von Hochbaumaßnahmen des Bundes. Berlin: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety. [#4267]
DE. 2013. Federal Budget Code of 19 August 1969 (Federal Law Gazette I, p. 1284), as last amended by Article 2 of the Act of 15 July 2013 (Federal Law Gazette I, p. 2395). Berlin: German Federal Ministry of Finance. [#4617]
DE. 1998. Gesetz gegen Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen (GWB). Berlin: Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection. [#4264]
Ordinance on the Award of Public Contracts in Germany.
DE. 2016. Verordnung über die Vergabe öffentlicher Aufträge. Berlin: Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection. [#4487]
There is no specific law providing a comprehensive framework for PPPs. The federal PPP Acceleration Act (ÖPPBeschleunigungsgesetz) was enacted in 2005.
The Federal Railway Authority is the German supervisory, licensing and safety authority for railways and railway undertakings.
Over 2/3 of all railway undertakings in Germany are subject to supervision by the Federal Railway Authority. Some regional railways are supervised by the federal states, although in many cases the latter exercise the option of transferring this supervision to the Federal Railway Authority.
The Bundesnetzagentur for Electricity, Gas, Telecommunications, Post and Railway, or Bundesnetzagentur as it is commonly known, promotes effective competition in the regulated areas and ensures non-discriminatory access to networks. It protects important consumer rights and is also the root certification authority under the Electronic Signatures Act. In addition, the Bundesnetzagentur is responsible for implementing the Grid Expansion Acceleration Act.
Much of the infrastructure are administered by the federal states, see for example website of the PPP in Niedersachsen and North-Rhine-Westphalia.
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