While ports are naturally exposed to climate-related hazards such as storm surge or sea level rise, the level of exposure differs significantly from location to location, and the degree of vulnerability depends heavily on infrastructure design and specifications. A site- and asset-specific risk assessment allows port developers and operators to identify adaptation needs and prioritize investments in measures that enhance resilience. Such an assessment is the starting point to take advantage of the triple dividend that climate resilience can deliver.

As part of a major port sector reform program, the government of the northeastern Brazilian state of Pernambuco hired IFC as the principal advisor on the public-private partnership for the first dedicated container terminal (TECON) at the Port of Suape. International Container Terminal Services (ICTSI) of the Philippines won the public tender to build and operate the container terminal for 30-years. The agreement was signed on March 2001 and the container terminal began operations three months later.

In the framework of the meetings of the Technical Advisory Group on Public Policy, Legislation and Regulation held during the 2012 and 2013 and in compliance with the Plan of Action of Cartagena (2014-2015); a thematic proposal was discussed aimed at achieving a minimum content of port legislation with the objective to put it forward to the wider membership of the CIP.

The tool promoted by the World Bank called model of General Law on Ports has been used as a basis for the establishment of this model. Also, other tools have been considered such as UNCITRAL - Rotterdam Rules.

The Government of Ukraine has awarded HPC Ukraina a contract to expand the capacity of the Container Terminal Odessa (CTO), located at the state-owned Odessa Sea Commercial Port (OSCP), the largest seaport in Ukraine and one of the largest on the Black Sea. The total container capacity of all Ukrainian ports is 2,250,000 TEUs; the CTO extension will add another 700,000 TEUs, significantly raising the international transport capacity of the coun - try.

The Port of Durrës is the lifeline of the Albanian economy, opening up the country to international trade and to the 40 million people strong markets of the Mediterranean and the Balkans. The port, built for a different era, is in dire need of modernization and upgrading. The European Investment Bank (EIB) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) invested €18 and €14 million respectively in the project to finance the new terminal building and the upgrading of two important heavily trafficked quays.

The Malaysian government has improved the capacity and efficiency of its port infrastructure by involving the private sector. This case study reviews the development of the largest port in the country, Port Klang, and considers the role of the public partner when ports are privately operated.

ANNEX I: CHECKLIST OF CONCESSION/BOT AGREEMENT PROVISIONS

(Related to a concession for the management and operation of an existing terminal and possible extension)