In India, many municipalities and urban local bodies (ULBs) have adopted a “Municipal Geographic Information System (GIS).” The Municipal GIS aims to create, store, maintain, and facilitate retrieval of property data in digital format along with geocoordinates.

The Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) wanted to create better wireless infrastructure for the city and for its public entities and was also looking to manage that infrastructure on a revenue-sharing basis.

Cisco and Sprint, two major IT companies in the United States, proposed an unsolicited project to the Kansas City Government to install free public Wi-Fi and interactive kiosks.

To enhance Singapore’s global competitiveness and meet its future economic and social needs, the Singapore Government decided to develop a new Next Generation Nationwide Broadband Network (NBN).

The Barcelona City Council wanted to accelerate the integration and expansion of its existing information technology (IT) network (fiber optic and Wi-Fi), which was divided into five different IT networks and managed by six different companies, while also procuring a better, safer, and customized IT service for its use.

Decades of conflict have led to underinvestment in infrastructure and the provision of public services in the West Bank and Gaza, especially in solid waste management.

Following the 1979 construction of Singapore’s first Waste-To-Energy (WTE) plant, the Singapore government would go on to construct three more WTE plants for the country under Design-Build (DB) contracts with the private-sector. This left the government responsible for the financing and operational risk, which was also capital intensive in construction and operation.

The City of Wenzhou was generating approximately 400,000 tons in household waste each year, with a growth rate of 8-10 percent annually. Household waste was collected and disposed in two existing landfills that were approaching maximum capacity. In 2002, the local government decided to pursue a PPP to address the issue.

In response to new European Union (EU) regulations on waste management, the City of Poznań, Poland started planning the construction of a mixed municipal waste-to-energy power plant, referred to as an energy for waste “EfW” project. The project would be the first PPP in this sector in Poland.

In 2014, India’s Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) jointly initiated a wastewater recycling project with a total estimated cost of INR 2.8 billion (USD 40 million).