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Government Guarantees
Valuing LiabilitiesGovernments need to assess the type of support provided to a project. Direct liabilities can be easily assessed and budgeted as and when the relevant liabilities fall due. For…
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Risk Mitigation Mechanisms
Hedging and Futures ContractsSome financial risks can be shared through financial instruments known as derivatives, futures contracts or hedging. For example, exposure to foreign exchange risk can be…
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Risk Allocation
Risk Allocation in Public Private PartnershipsA number of key risks must be identified, allocated, and managed to ensure successful financing and implementation of a PPP project. These risks will…
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Key Issues in Developing Project Financed Transactions
Certainty of Revenue StreamAs noted above, the project is unlikely to generate revenue until the operations period and so it is going to be key to lenders and other investors that the revenue stream…
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Project Finance – Key Concepts
Typical Project Finance StructureThe typical project financing structure (simplified for these purposes) for a build, operate and transfer (BOT) project is shown below. The key elements of the…
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Intercreditor Arrangements
Equity ContributionsProject sponsors are the investors in the project company that are likely to be providing expertise and some of the services to the project company (such as construction or…
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Financial Intermediaries
The section looks at the typical main investors into infrastructure projects.Commercial banks (local/ international)Commercial banks are important investors in infrastructure projects, particularly…
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Energy Agreements
A public-private partnership for an energy project requires a number of agreements to set out the relationships between the different stakeholders. For a full description of the main…
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Due Diligence Checklist
Government OrganizationWhat institutions are involved in the approval and award of PPP Projects?What role are any existing PPP units playing?Is there a clear process for identifying, carrying out…
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Airport Concession Checklist
Airport Specific IssuesLegal FrameworkIs the Concession a Contract or a Lease?Who is the Grantor and is it duly authorized by:Civil Aviation Authority?Ministry of Trade?Finance Ministry?Military?…
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BOT DBO and Concession Agreements for municipal solid waste disposal, recycling, sanitary landfill and waste to energy
The World Bank has developed a number of sample contracts for client countries for sanitary landfill design construction and operation (and financing), which have been sanitized and summarized below:…
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Solid Waste Sample and Contracts: Street cleaning and waste collection
The World Bank has developed a number of sample contracts for client countries for municipal solid waste collection, which are performance based and focused on outputs, which have been sanitized and…
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Water and Sanitation Agreements
Public private partnerships in water require various agreements, or contracts, to outline the relationships and responsibilities between various stake holders. The agreements below are specific to…
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World Bank Group's Role in PPPs
The World Bank Group drives impactful development to create a world free of poverty on a livable planet. It offers financial support, policy advice, and technical assistance to help countries reduce…
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Government Objectives: Benefits and Risks of PPPs
Potential Benefits of Public Private PartnershipsThe financial crisis of 2008 onwards brought about renewed interest in PPP in both developed and developing countries. Facing constraints on public…
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Sample Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) PPP Agreements
Public private partnerships in municipal solid waste require various agreements, or contracts, to outline the relationships and responsibilities between various stake holders. The agreements below…
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Waste Management Toolkits
Public private partnership toolkits are a collection of resources for policymakers and other parties interested in developing and evaluating PPP infrastructure projects. While the World Bank does not…
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Solid Waste Laws and Regulations
When seeking to develop public private partnerships in solid waste or waste management projects, a host country's laws and regulatory environment must be considered.Laws and regulatory considerations…
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Water & Sanitation Toolkits
Listed below is a number of toolkits that comprises contracts, leases, affermages, concessions, divestitures relevant to private participation in both water supply and sanitation services, as well an…
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Transportation Toolkits
General TransportToolkit for LegislatorsPPP for transportation: Toolkit for Legislators - This toolkit provides expert guidance, dependable counsel and a compilation of best practices to…
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Energy Licenses and Licensing Procedures
Guidance On Licenses For RegulatorsUSAID has been very active in providing technical assistance to new electricity regulators in Eastern Europe. See below documents produced by USAID that are primers…
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About Public-Private Partnerships
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are a mechanism that allows governments to procure and implement public infrastructure or services using the resources and expertise of the private sector. Where…
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Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) PPPs
While municipalities are generally responsible for solid waste services, the private sector has long been involved in the municipal solid waste sector through outsourcing arrangements and informally…
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Telecommunications / Information & Communication Technology PPPs
Innovations in Information and Communication Technology (“ICT”) and telecommunications have been a key driver of modern-day economic growth, enabling near-instant communication, transforming the…
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Case Studies on PPP arrangements for Telecommunications
Explore case studies on PPP arrangements in the telecommunications sector:Ethiopia Telecommunication Liberalization In 2019, the Government of Ethiopia embarked on a strategy to ignite its…