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Credit Rating Stylized Analytical Tool
The World Bank has developed a technical assistance (TA) package to assist governments in improving the management of explicit and implicit contingent liabilities from public corporations. It…
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Scenario Analysis Tool for Assessment and Monitoring of Government Guarantees: A Guidance Note
This paper, Scenario Analysis Tool for Assessment and Monitoring of Government Guarantees: A Guidance Note, describes the methodology, gives examples, and gives directions on using the…
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World Bank Group Debt & Fiscal Risks Toolkit
World Bank Group Debt and Fiscal Risks Toolkit
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Blended Finance for Climate Investments in India
The Blended Finance for Climate Investments in India report, published by the International Finance Corporation (IFC) on March 13, 2024, explores the use of blended finance—mixing public and private…
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Toolkits for Policymakers to Green the Financial System
The World Bank’s 2021 report, Toolkits for Policymakers to Green the Financial System, provides an overview of policy tools available to public authorities—such as finance ministries, central banks,…
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Understanding Global Concessional Climate Finance 2024
According to the Climate Policy Initiative’s Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2023, international concessional climate finance rose by 50% since 2019, reaching USD 81 billion in 2022. …
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Promoting Gender Equality through Performance-based Financial Incentives: An Analysis of IDB Invest’s Experience
This guide highlights the use of performance-based incentives (PBIs)—like interest rate reductions tied to gender targets—as a tool for development finance practitioners to promote gender equality.…
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Blended Finance and the Gender-Energy Nexus: A Stocktaking Report
This report, authored by Ayesha Bery and colleagues, reviews current practices in gender-responsive climate blended finance, focusing on the energy sector. It is structured in three parts: …
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Closing the Gender Finance Gap through the Use of Blended Finance
Women-owned and women-led SMEs (WSMEs) face major barriers to accessing capital, particularly in emerging markets. Blended finance—concessional public or philanthropic funding combined with…
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Blended Finance can Catalyze Renewable Energy Investments in Low-Income Countries
Achieving the SDGs requires large-scale investment in developing countries. Blended finance—using concessional public funds to attract private investment—helps de-risk projects and enable impactful…
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Infrastructure Monitor 2023: Global Trends in Private Investment in Infrastructure
In 2022, private investment in infrastructure rebounded after years of stagnation, with a 29% rise in transactions and a 41% increase in value over the five-year average. This growth was driven by…
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Outcome-Based Concessional Blended Finance for Sustainable Financing: Key Lessons and Insights from Latin America
This study by CIF-TAF and IDB Invest explores how outcome-based concessional blended finance, paired with technical assistance, can drive sustainability in financial institutions (FIs). Using…
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State of Blended Finance 2023
The State of Blended Finance 2023 by Convergence focuses on climate-related blended finance as a key tool for sustainable development. Part I provides a market overview, reviewing previous…
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Hybrid PPPs: Turning risk into viability
Hybrid Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) address a key infrastructure challenge: when financially sound projects remain unbankable due to viability gaps—where projected revenues fall short of costs…
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The Why and How of Blended Finance
Blended concessional finance (BF)—the use of catalytic public or philanthropic capital to attract private investment—is playing a growing role in advancing the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda.…
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OECD DAC Blended Finance Principles
The OECD DAC Blended Finance Principles offer a clear framework to guide donors in effectively using blended finance to unlock commercial capital for the SDGs. These principles include a five-…
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State of Blended Finance 2024: Climate Edition
The State of Blended Finance 2024 climate edition arrives amid heightened urgency to tackle climate change and achieve the SDGs. The report underscores the importance of blended finance in mobilizing…
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State of Blended Finance 2024
The State of Blended Finance 2024 by Convergence introduces a two-report annual cycle, with a general market report each spring and a climate-focused edition in the fall. This April edition…
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Convergence - Blending Global Finance
Convergence is a global network for blended finance, working to increase private investment in emerging markets and developing economies in support of the SDGs and the Paris Agreement. Based in…
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PPPs in the EU: Widespread Shortcomings and Limited Benefits (ECA 2018)
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have been used across the EU to deliver infrastructure, especially in transport, but only a small portion has involved EU funds. Between 2000–2014, just 84 PPPs…
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Assessing the Welfare and Distributional Impacts of Private Sector Participation in Infrastructure Interventions
This Reference Paper supports World Bank Group (WBG) teams in assessing the welfare and distributional impacts of private sector participation in infrastructure interventions. It underpins the…
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Maximizing Finance for Development: Impact Bonds for Water and Sanitation in Latin America and the Caribbean
Access to safe water and sanitation in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) remains deeply unequal, hindering progress toward SDG 6. While coverage has improved, millions still lack safely managed…
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Investing in Sustainable Infrastructure in Latin America: Instruments, Strategies and Partnerships for Institutional Investors Mobilization
The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted global and regional economies, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), with an 8.1% economic contraction in 2020. Global energy demand fell…
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The OECD DAC Blended Finance Guidance
Achieving the 2030 Agenda and Paris Agreement goals requires scaling up and aligning all financial resources—public and private—with sustainable development objectives. Blended finance is a vital…
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World Bank Group Approaches to Mobilize Private Capital for Development - An Independent Evaluation
This Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) report was led by Senior Evaluation Officer Raghavan Narayanan with contributions from a multidisciplinary team of experts in infrastructure, finance, and…