Funding and Financing
The World Bank Group, Business Ready (B-READY), assess the business and investment environment worldwide annually. B-READY improves upon and replaces Doing Business.The Business Ready (B-READY) 2025…
The World Bank has developed a technical assistance (TA) package to assist governments in improving the management of explicit and implicit contingent liabilities from public corporations. It…
This paper, Scenario Analysis Tool for Assessment and Monitoring of Government Guarantees: A Guidance Note, describes the methodology, gives examples, and gives directions on using the…
CountryRelevant FundTypeBrazilSupport Fund for Structuring and Development of Concession and PPP Projects (FEP) Project Development Division (AEP), including the Project Structuring Fund and the…
There is no one “right” PDF design, only a PDF design which best supports project preparation in a particular jurisdiction. PDFs take a wide range of forms, whether an independent legal entity with…
Once critical design decisions are taken around how a PDF is structured, how it is funded, and the nature of projects it will support, there remain a wide range of PDF operational issues that need to…
A key motivation of PDFs, as noted in Chapter 2, is to improve the quality and efficiency of PPP project preparation through the provision of PPP advisory services. Decisions related to the nature of…
PDFs are often thought of primarily as a funding source. Although it is clear that PDFs are much more than this, decisions related to how PDFs are funded, and the quantum of funds they are able to…
A PDF’s structure is a key determinant of its effectiveness and ability to ensure the quality and efficiency of project preparation. However, PDFs function within and alongside the broader PPP…
Constrained financial resources are a key impediment to the preparation of bankable projects and the overall success of PPP programs.1 The allocation of additional, dedicated funding to PPP project…
Introduction Governments are constrained in their ability to invest sufficiently in infrastructure development. Governments have long been unable to meet infrastructure investment needs due to…
Executive SummaryProject development funds (PDFs) are dedicated vehicles that governments establish to systematically support the preparation of public-private partnerships (PPPs). The lack of…
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have been used across the EU to deliver infrastructure, especially in transport, but only a small portion has involved EU funds. Between 2000–2014, just 84 PPPs…
This Reference Paper supports World Bank Group (WBG) teams in assessing the welfare and distributional impacts of private sector participation in infrastructure interventions. It underpins the…
Access to safe water and sanitation in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) remains deeply unequal, hindering progress toward SDG 6. While coverage has improved, millions still lack safely managed…
The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted global and regional economies, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), with an 8.1% economic contraction in 2020. Global energy demand fell…
Achieving the 2030 Agenda and Paris Agreement goals requires scaling up and aligning all financial resources—public and private—with sustainable development objectives. Blended finance is a vital…
This Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) report was led by Senior Evaluation Officer Raghavan Narayanan with contributions from a multidisciplinary team of experts in infrastructure, finance, and…
Blended concessional finance is the strategic use of concessional funds from public or philanthropic sources combined with commercial finance from private investors and development finance…
This study rethinks how blended finance should be assessed, shifting the focus from private capital leverage ratios to net social returns, which consider broader economic impacts and taxpayer costs.…
Blended concessional finance—combining concessional funds with Development Finance Institutions’ (DFIs) commercial financing—is used to unlock private investment for sustainable development. …
Since the 2015 Addis Ababa conference, MDBs have worked to mobilize private capital to meet the SDGs. Despite setbacks from the 2020 pandemic, MDBs maintained stable private capital mobilization in…
Scaling Up Blended Finance: The Key to Closing The Infrastructure Investment Gap in Emerging Markets
The global infrastructure gap in emerging markets surged from $0.7 trillion in 2017 to $3 trillion in 2022. Public resources alone are insufficient, and private investors remain hesitant due to high…
The IDA PSW is a blended finance mechanism supporting high-risk private investments in IDA and fragile/conflict-affected (FCS) countries through IFC, MIGA, and private partners. This evaluation…