Article
Land, Environmental and Social Issues
Land Rights and AcquisitionEstablishment of rights and title over, and use of, land is key to infrastructure projects where a private service provider is investing in assets attached to land and…
Article
Full Divestiture and Privatization
Form of Divestiture and PrivatizationTypically a government intending to divest of utility assets will sell shares in the utility or transfer assets into a special purpose company and sell shares in…
Article
Joint Ventures and Government Shareholding in Project Companies
What are Joint VenturesJoint ventures between the public and private sectors in PPP arise when:when a contracting authority requires an equity stake ("shares") in the project company/ operator. This…
Article
Concessions Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) and Design-Build-Operate (DBO) Projects
Overview of Concessions, BOTs, DBO ProjectsA Concession gives a concessionaire the long term right to use all utility assets conferred on the concessionaire, including responsibility for operations…
Article
Leases and Affermage Contracts
When to choose Leases and Affermage Contractswhen private equity and commercial debt are not available for water supply and sanitation;the awarding authority wants to combine public financing with…
Article
Structuring Management, Operation and Maintenance Services
What Are Management and "Operation and Maintenance" Contracts?The term "management contract" has been applied to cover a range of contracts from technical assistance contracts through to full-blown…
Article
Civil Works and Service Contracts
Utilities commonly source goods and services from private sector third parties, whether to purchase spare parts or stationery, or to procure civil works such as laying pipes or cables. Utilities may…
Article
Approaches to Utility Reform
Features of a Well-Run UtilityThe features that often define a well-run utility, whether fully public or one with some private sector involvement, include:Operational Autonomy. Being independent to…
Article
Public-Private Partnerships for Transport
Public-private partnerships (“PPPs”) can be an effective way to build and implement new infrastructure or to renovate, operate, maintain or manage existing transport infrastructure facilities. In…
Article
Water & Sanitation PPPs
Almost fifty percent of the developing world’s population - 2.5 billion people – lack improved sanitation facilities, and almost 1 billion people still use unsafe drinking water sources, and even…
Article
Power and Renewable Energy PPPs
Energy is a broad sector that holds two important yet very different industries: the oil and gas sector and the power sector. The focus of the Public-Private Partnership Resource Center is on…
Article
Regulatory Systems and Sector Overview
Key Considerations in Design of Regulatory FrameworkBy SectorGENERAL MATERIALS:Contracting Out Regulatory FunctionsInfrastructure Regulation: Developing CountriesGENERAL:What is Regulation?Why…
Article
Legislation and Laws - General and Sector Specific
The Legal Framework Assessment provides a summary of key areas of a host country's existing laws that will need to be reviewed when a government embarks on an infrastructure project, particularly one…
Article
PPP Legal Foundations - Further Reading
For users seeking deeper insight into PPP legal systems and institutional structures, the following resources provide authoritative guidance, comparative analysis, and global best practices.Further…
Article
Library
Looking for legal resources on PPPs?The PPP Resource Center provides a PPP Library of summarized and annotated sample agreements and other resources. Find materials by keywords, sector, topics,…
Tab Landing Page
Guidelines & Tools
This section highlights a curated set of tools developed by the World Bank Group (WBG) to assist with key stages of the infrastructure and Public-Private Partnership (PPP) lifecycle. The tools are…
Library
Legal Resources for Climate Change Adaptation
Legal solutions are needed to ensure that government decision-makers, engineers, architects, planners, and other stakeholders account for known climate risks when making decisions about the…
Library
Effective Law and Regulation for Disaster Risk Reduction
The report assesses the legal frameworks for disaster risk reduction (DRR) in 31 countries. The purpose of this report is to support legislators, public administrators, and DRR and development…
Library
The Handbook on Law and Disaster Risk Reduction
The Handbook on Law and Disaster Risk Reduction (the Handbook) has been developed to provide guidance on how to use the Checklist and conduct related legislative reviews and reform processes. While…
Library
The Checklist on Law and Disaster Risk Reduction
The Checklist on Law and Disaster Risk Reduction (the Checklist) provides a prioritized list of ten key questions that lawmakers, implementing officials, and those supporting them need to consider in…
Library
Commonwealth Climate and Law Initiative (CCLI)
The CCLI is examining the legal basis for directors and trustees to consider, manage, and report on climate change-related risk, and the circumstances in which they may be liable for…
Library
Enabling Environment for Private Sector Adaptation
This index assessment framework gives an overview of drivers at the country level that contribute to a business environment favorable to climate change adaptationand includes examples of…
Library
Legislating for a low carbon and climate resilient transition: learning from international experiences
The objective of this working paper is to inform policy experts, legislators and decision-makers on the recent trends in climate change policy-making around the world and to draw lessons learnt from…
Library
REEGLE
REEGLE Provides relevant clean energy information for countries, including an overview of related policies and regulations, it is currently no longer active, if you wish to access any of the…
Library
IEA/IRENA Addressing Climate Change - Policy and Measures Databases
IEA/IRENA Addressing Climate Change - Policy and Measures Databases provides searchable by policy type (e.g. regulatory instrument, voluntary approaches) and policy goal (e.g. infrastructure…