Article
Operational Considerations - Primer on Project Development Funds
Once critical design decisions are taken around how a PDF is structured, how it is funded, and the nature of projects it will support, there remain a wide range of PDF operational issues that need to…
Article
List of Government PDFs (Annex) - Primer on Project Development Funds
CountryRelevant FundTypeBrazilSupport Fund for Structuring and Development of Concession and PPP Projects (FEP) Project Development Division (AEP), including the Project Structuring Fund and the…
Article
Project Selection - Primer on Project Development Funds
A key motivation of PDFs, as noted in Chapter 2, is to improve the quality and efficiency of PPP project preparation through the provision of PPP advisory services. Decisions related to the nature of…
Library
World Bank Port Reform Toolkit
Ports are undergoing constant transformation, induced by changes in the global economy, technology, or the environment. Port reform is influenced by factors that include aspirations for change…
Library
Water Utility Creditworthiness Course
This Water Utility Creditworthiness Course aims to:Identify the fundamental actions that water utilities and governments need to take to enhance creditworthinessUnderstand the importance of tariffs…
Library
Toolkits for Policymakers to Green the Financial System
The World Bank’s 2021 report, Toolkits for Policymakers to Green the Financial System, provides an overview of policy tools available to public authorities—such as finance ministries, central banks,…
Library
Understanding Global Concessional Climate Finance 2024
According to the Climate Policy Initiative’s Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2023, international concessional climate finance rose by 50% since 2019, reaching USD 81 billion in 2022. …
Library
Promoting Gender Equality through Performance-based Financial Incentives: An Analysis of IDB Invest’s Experience
This guide highlights the use of performance-based incentives (PBIs)—like interest rate reductions tied to gender targets—as a tool for development finance practitioners to promote gender equality.…
Library
Blended Finance and the Gender-Energy Nexus: A Stocktaking Report
This report, authored by Ayesha Bery and colleagues, reviews current practices in gender-responsive climate blended finance, focusing on the energy sector. It is structured in three parts: …
Library
Closing the Gender Finance Gap through the Use of Blended Finance
Women-owned and women-led SMEs (WSMEs) face major barriers to accessing capital, particularly in emerging markets. Blended finance—concessional public or philanthropic funding combined with…
Library
Blended Finance can Catalyze Renewable Energy Investments in Low-Income Countries
Achieving the SDGs requires large-scale investment in developing countries. Blended finance—using concessional public funds to attract private investment—helps de-risk projects and enable impactful…
Library
Infrastructure Monitor 2023: Global Trends in Private Investment in Infrastructure
In 2022, private investment in infrastructure rebounded after years of stagnation, with a 29% rise in transactions and a 41% increase in value over the five-year average. This growth was driven by…
Library
State of Blended Finance 2023
The State of Blended Finance 2023 by Convergence focuses on climate-related blended finance as a key tool for sustainable development. Part I provides a market overview, reviewing previous…
Library
Hybrid PPPs: Turning risk into viability
Hybrid Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) address a key infrastructure challenge: when financially sound projects remain unbankable due to viability gaps—where projected revenues fall short of costs…
Library
The Why and How of Blended Finance
Blended concessional finance (BF)—the use of catalytic public or philanthropic capital to attract private investment—is playing a growing role in advancing the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda.…
Library
OECD DAC Blended Finance Principles
The OECD DAC Blended Finance Principles offer a clear framework to guide donors in effectively using blended finance to unlock commercial capital for the SDGs. These principles include a five-…
Library
State of Blended Finance 2024: Climate Edition
The State of Blended Finance 2024 climate edition arrives amid heightened urgency to tackle climate change and achieve the SDGs. The report underscores the importance of blended finance in mobilizing…
Library
State of Blended Finance 2024
The State of Blended Finance 2024 by Convergence introduces a two-report annual cycle, with a general market report each spring and a climate-focused edition in the fall. This April edition…
Library
Convergence - Blending Global Finance
Convergence is a global network for blended finance, working to increase private investment in emerging markets and developing economies in support of the SDGs and the Paris Agreement. Based in…
Article
Risk Allocation & Management
A clear and stable legal environment is essential for the success of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects. It reduces the perception of risk, attracts greater competition, enables broader access…
Library
Assessing the Welfare and Distributional Impacts of Private Sector Participation in Infrastructure Interventions
This Reference Paper supports World Bank Group (WBG) teams in assessing the welfare and distributional impacts of private sector participation in infrastructure interventions. It underpins the…
Library
The OECD DAC Blended Finance Guidance
Achieving the 2030 Agenda and Paris Agreement goals requires scaling up and aligning all financial resources—public and private—with sustainable development objectives. Blended finance is a vital…
Library
World Bank Group Approaches to Mobilize Private Capital for Development - An Independent Evaluation
This Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) report was led by Senior Evaluation Officer Raghavan Narayanan with contributions from a multidisciplinary team of experts in infrastructure, finance, and…
Library
Blended Concessional Finance - The Benefits of Transparency and Access
Blended concessional finance is the strategic use of concessional funds from public or philanthropic sources combined with commercial finance from private investors and development finance…