PPP Tools

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Disclosure of PPP Project and Program Information

Transparency and timely access to information are important to the principles of accountability and governance. Many governments, therefore, proactively disclose information about PPP projects or…

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Stakeholder Communication and Engagement

Stakeholder engagement is an inexpensive and efficient way of creating a better operational environment for a project. The consultation process reduces risks and increases its chance of success. Most…

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Fiscal Accounting and Reporting for PPPs

Governments need to account for and report on their financial commitments, including those under PPP contracts—an additional reason for the Ministry of Finance to keep a centralized register of…

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Budgeting for Government Commitments to PPPs

Budgeting for PPPs involves making sure money is appropriated and available to pay for whatever cost the government has agreed to bear under its PPP projects. Because such cost may be contingent or…

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Controlling Aggregate Exposure to PPPs

As well as considering fiscal exposure project-by-project, some governments introduce targets or rules limiting aggregate exposure. A challenge is defining which types of fiscal commitments should be…

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Assessing Fiscal Implications of a PPP Project

Good practice consists of subjecting public investment projects to appraisal and approval processes to determine whether it is a good project. Close integration with the budget process is essential…

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Dedicated PPP Units

Government teams concentrating skills in PPPs with the public administration are often called PPP Units. The functions of these PPP Units vary widely, as do their location within government and team…

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Institutional Responsibilities: Review and Approval

A PPP project is a specific type of public investment. Most governments have systems and standard procedures for reviewing and approving capital investment projects: to ensure all projects are…

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Institutional Responsibilities: Implementation

Implementing a PPP project successfully requires commitment and a range of skills and expertise. Government agencies and individuals responsible for implementing projects need a sound understanding…

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PPP Process

Many governments set out a process that must be followed to develop and implement every PPP project. Standardizing the PPP process helps ensure that all PPPs are developed in a way that is consistent…

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PPP Laws

Some countries enact specific PPP laws. As described in the OECD’s report on fostering investment in infrastructure (OECD 2015b, 16–17), these may be used to adapt the existing legal…

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Spock in the Boardroom

This article is extracted from Handshake Issue #17: Data.

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Scope of the PPP Legal Framework

The PPP legal framework includes not only PPP-specific legislation and regulations, but also all legislation that affects PPP contracts, decision processes, and implementation procedures.As described…

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Implementing Principles

PPP policies often include a set of implementing principles—the guiding rules, or code of conduct under which PPP projects will be implemented. These principles set out the standards against which…

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PPP Program Scope

Many governments choose to limit the scope of their PPP program to particular types of projects (or contracts). The aim can be to focus on those most likely to achieve the government's objectives and…

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PPP Program Objectives

Governments pursue PPP programs for different reasons. Some countries begin using PPPs to resolve a crisis or remove bottlenecks in a particular sector. For example, PPPs were first used in South…

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Third Party Risk Mitigation and Credit Enhancement

The PPP Agreement is at the center of a PPP, as shown in Typical PPP Project Structure. This agreement allocates projects risks, responsibilities, and rewards between the two signatories—the…

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The Role of Public Finance in PPPs

The exclusive use of private finance is not a defining characteristic of a PPP—governments can also partially finance PPP projects. Reducing the amount of capital investment needed from private…

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Considerations for Government

When a PPP involves private finance, the investor typically has primary responsibility for developing the finance structure of the project. Nonetheless, government may need to influence its design.At…

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Finance Structures for PPP

The private party to most PPP contracts is a specific project company formed for that purpose—often called a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV). This project company raises finance through a combination…

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Consideration of Consultation Responses

This document records the key themes made in response to the Airports Commission’s consultation on three options for expanding the UK’s aviation capacity, and the Commission’s response to these…

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Disclosure of Project and Contract Information in Public-Private Partnerships

Disclosure of Project and Contract Information in Public-Private Partnerships. This report presents a review of current practices on the disclosure of information on PPP projects and contracts…

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Strategic Communication for Privatization, Public-Private Partnerships and Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects (Calabrese, Daniele. 2008)

Strategic Communication for Privatization, Public-Private Partnerships, and Private Participation in Infrastructure reviews the experiences of the World Bank and its clients in employing public…

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Eurostat Treatment of Public-Private Partnerships (EPEC. 2010)

Eurostat Treatment of Public-Private PartnershipsPurposes, Methodology and Recent Trends