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Shared Use of Railway Tracks
This section looks at PPP railway projects providing for shared use of the railway tracks.Shared use of railway tracks can take place as track access or haulage:Track access is a mechanism whereby…
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PPPs in Irrigation
Key Commercial RisksIrrigated agriculture projects, especially those involving smallholder farmers, are difficult to fund on a commercial basis from day one because they cannot deliver short-term…
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Energy Agreements
A public-private partnership for an energy project requires a number of agreements to set out the relationships between the different stakeholders. For a full description of the main…
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BOT DBO and Concession Agreements for municipal solid waste disposal, recycling, sanitary landfill and waste to energy
The World Bank has developed a number of sample contracts for client countries for sanitary landfill design construction and operation (and financing), which have been sanitized and summarized below:…
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Water and Sanitation Agreements
Public private partnerships in water require various agreements, or contracts, to outline the relationships and responsibilities between various stake holders. The agreements below are specific to…
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Sample Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) PPP Agreements
Public private partnerships in municipal solid waste require various agreements, or contracts, to outline the relationships and responsibilities between various stake holders. The agreements below…
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Public-Private Partnerships in Roads
Laws for Roads and HighwaysBelow are sample laws for road, highway and bridge infrastructure projects legislation that facilitates the implementation of PPPs, tolling and related framework.…
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Public Private Partnerships in Ports / Port Reform
With the majority of global trade carried by sea, ports are critical gateway infrastructure which connect an entire region and its inland transportation network (i.e. road, rails, inland waterways)…
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Water Management/Operation and Maintenance Contracts
Management ContractsThe World Bank has developed a Standard Form Management Contract together with Bidding Document and Technical Note recommended for use on water and energy projects the Bank is…
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Transport Policies Laws and International Agreements
International Transport AgreementsA Review of International Legal Instruments - Facilitation of Transport and Trade in Africa (Les instruments juridiques internationaux de facilitation du transport…
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Raw and Treated Bulk Water Supply Agreements
Sample Raw and Treated Bulk Water Supply AgreementsAustraliaMelbourne, Victoria - Bulk Water Supply Agreement between the Melbourne Water Corporation (MWC) and City West Water (CWW) (now Greater…
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Implementation Agreements for Power PPPs
Implementation agreements provide for direct contractual obligations and undertakings between the Government and the supplier or project company: the government is not usually a party to the power…
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Fuel Supply/Bulk Supply Agreement
Some issues that will need to be considered in a fuel supply agreement are:Quality of the fuel - what happens if it does not meet the specification?Quantity of the fuel - what happens if the fuel…
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Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) and Energy Purchase Agreements (EPAs)
Key features of a Power Purchase AgreementA Power Purchase Agreement (“PPA”) is generally the primary contract between the public and private sector parties which underpin a power sector PPP. It is…
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Connection to Grid / Power Pooling Arrangements
Public private partnerships in power require also an Interconnection, Grid Connection of Power Pooling Agreement. This kind of contracts outline the responsibilities and fees for connecting the power…
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Procurement Processes and Bidding Documents
Where PPP projects involve funding from the World Bank, then the World Bank Procurement Guidelines and Procedures will apply. This section also includes useful template bidding documents.Most of…
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Full Divestiture and Privatization
Form of Divestiture and PrivatizationTypically a government intending to divest of utility assets will sell shares in the utility or transfer assets into a special purpose company and sell shares in…
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Joint Ventures and Government Shareholding in Project Companies
What are Joint VenturesJoint ventures between the public and private sectors in PPP arise when:when a contracting authority requires an equity stake ("shares") in the project company/ operator. This…
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Concessions Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) and Design-Build-Operate (DBO) Projects
Overview of Concessions, BOTs, DBO ProjectsA Concession gives a concessionaire the long term right to use all utility assets conferred on the concessionaire, including responsibility for operations…
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Leases and Affermage Contracts
When to choose Leases and Affermage Contractswhen private equity and commercial debt are not available for water supply and sanitation;the awarding authority wants to combine public financing with…
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Structuring Management, Operation and Maintenance Services
What Are Management and "Operation and Maintenance" Contracts?The term "management contract" has been applied to cover a range of contracts from technical assistance contracts through to full-blown…
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Civil Works and Service Contracts
Utilities commonly source goods and services from private sector third parties, whether to purchase spare parts or stationery, or to procure civil works such as laying pipes or cables. Utilities may…
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Approaches to Utility Reform
Features of a Well-Run UtilityThe features that often define a well-run utility, whether fully public or one with some private sector involvement, include:Operational Autonomy. Being independent to…