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Disruptive Technology in the Context of Other Global Disruptions
The discussion of disruptive technology and its impacts on PPPs needs to be considered in the broader context of disruptions that have increased in recent years—and include unprecedented worldwide…
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Challenges of Disruptive Technology
Alongside the benefits, the rapid change enabled by disruptive technologies is also bringing new uncertainties. New technology that makes decentralized distribution more attractive can lead to…
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Disruptive Technology Opportunities
The emerging technologies outlined in Examples of Disruptive Technologies that Could Transform Infrastructure and Appendix A have the potential to integrate material, machine, and digital…
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Infrastructure PPPs Impacted by Disruptive Technology
How Are Infrastructure PPPs Impacted by Disruptive Technology?Disruptive innovation has already impacted infrastructure projects worldwide, especially in the energy, information and communications…
Library
PPP Contracts in An Age of Disruption (Download PDF version)
This report examines how disruptive technologies impact public-private partnership (PPP) infrastructure; what this means for the management of existing PPP contracts; and how better partnerships can…
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Debt: Example of Emission Reduction-Linked Bond from Vietnam
table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } In February 2023, The World Bank issued $50 million Emission Reduction-Linked Notes that mobilized private capital to finance a water…
Library
Guidance for using the Global NBS Standard
The IUCN Global Standard for Nature-based Solutions lists the Criteria and Indicators, as adopted by the 98th Meeting of the IUCN Council in 2020. This Guidance for using the IUCN Global Standard for…
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Policy Context of Emissions Reduction Credit
table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } Global ERC markets remain fragmented and heterogenous across sources of both supply and demand and are shaped by evolving policy and…
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Classification of Emissions Reduction Credit
table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } An emissions reduction credit (ERC) is a discrete unit which represents a specific amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduced…
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Aggregate ERC Activities
table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } For smaller economies and many subnational entities, an aggregation facility that pools multiple ERC activities can help overcome some…
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Expand ERC-Backed Debt Issuance
table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } With targeted DFI support, entities in EMDEs could issue ERC debt…
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Key Findings to Scale Up Private Sector Capital for ERC Activities
table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } DFI pilots to attract commercial investment to ERC activities have been highly informative but limited in their ability to scale.…
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Political Risk Insurance
table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } Political risk insurance (PRI) can help mobilize ERC financing through broadly insuring against general political risks that deter…
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Establish an ERC Club
table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } Pooling demand through an ERC buyer’s club could send a strong market signal and improve the expected cash flows of ERC activities,…
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Market Risk for ERCs
table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } Demand for and trade of ERCs are steadily increasing, see ERC Market Status, but ERC market risk remains high and still needs to be…
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Government Engagement and Public Sector Participation
table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } Irrespective of the level of maturity of the ERC policy environment, the primary strategy for mitigating political risk is early…
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Cross-border ERC Trade
table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } Countries will need to decide whether to allow ERCs to be traded outside the country (e.g., through Article 6 mechanisms), thereby…
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Fund: Liveligoods Carbon Fund 3
table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } FORESIGHT SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY (FSF)IssuerLivelihoods FundsKey LessonsLCF3 leverages synergies between corporates seeking secured access…
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Rights to ERCs and Their Benefits
table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } The ability to demonstrate ownership of carbon rights is critical to the ability to generate and transfer ERCs in all carbon market…
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ERC Activity Risk
table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } The ability of an ERC activity to produce ERCs and bring them to market underpins all ERC financing, but operational and reputational…
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Credit Risk in ERC Finance Transactions
table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } Credit risk is a major, fundamental consideration in every ERC finance transaction. Lenders to ERC activities or developers may incur…
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Equity: The London Stock Exchange and Foresight Sustainable Forestry
table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } FORESIGHT SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY (FSF)IssuerForesight Sustainable Forestry (FSF)Key LessonsFSF’s success raising capital as the first…
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ERC Market Status
table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } After a period of rapid growth in ERC supply and market value, ERC markets faced multiple headwinds in 2022 and 2023. Over 512 million…
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Current Landscape of ERC Financing
table, th, td { border:1px solid #ffffff; padding:10px } IntroductionFinance available for ERC generation is increasing and mostly targeting nature-based activities. Publicly disclosed upstream…
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Acknowledgements
The sections for Strategic Guidance for Country System Assessments and Guidance for Countries in Assessing ERC Projects were prepared with the assistance of Boston Consulting…