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Fuel Supply/Bulk Supply Agreement
Some issues that will need to be considered in a fuel supply agreement are:Quality of the fuel - what happens if it does not meet the specification?Quantity of the fuel - what happens if the fuel…
Article
Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) and Energy Purchase Agreements (EPAs)
Key features of a Power Purchase AgreementA Power Purchase Agreement (“PPA”) is generally the primary contract between the public and private sector parties which underpin a power sector PPP. It is…
Article
Leases and Affermage Contracts
When to choose Leases and Affermage Contractswhen private equity and commercial debt are not available for water supply and sanitation;the awarding authority wants to combine public financing with…
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Structuring Management, Operation and Maintenance Services
What Are Management and "Operation and Maintenance" Contracts?The term "management contract" has been applied to cover a range of contracts from technical assistance contracts through to full-blown…
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Civil Works and Service Contracts
Utilities commonly source goods and services from private sector third parties, whether to purchase spare parts or stationery, or to procure civil works such as laying pipes or cables. Utilities may…
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Approaches to Utility Reform
Features of a Well-Run UtilityThe features that often define a well-run utility, whether fully public or one with some private sector involvement, include:Operational Autonomy. Being independent to…
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Contracts & Agreements
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) take a wide range of forms varying in the extent of involvement of and risk taken by the private party. The terms of a PPP are typically set out in a contract or…
Article
Wind Power Energy
Policies, Laws and Regulations: Wind Power ProjectsGlobal:Reference: IEA/IRENA Global Renewable Energy Policies and Measures Database - The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) maintains a…
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Solar Power Energy
Policies, Laws and Regulations: Solar PowerGlobalIEA/IRENA Global Renewable Energy Policies and Measures Database - The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) maintains a joint database with…