Hybrid affermage/ Concession contracts

In the water sector in recent years in West Africa, a hybid affermage/ concession arrangement has been adopted - a description of such an arrangement in Cote d'Ivoire can be found at PPIAF Gridlines - Partnering for Water in the Cote d'Ivoire(lessons from 50 years of successful operation). Examples of the hybrid model that has been adopted are set out below.

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) take a wide range of forms varying in the extent of involvement of and risk taken by the private party. The terms of a PPP are typically set out in a contract or agreement to outline the responsibilities of each party and clearly allocate risk. The graph below depicts the spectrum of PPP agreements.