Empresas Mixtas
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A form of PPP used extensively in civil law countries, particularly in the water sector is the "empresas mixtas" (mixed ownership enterprise).
This is a form of Joint Venture and the same issues raised in respect of Joint Ventures are relevant here.
For a general discussion of empresas mixtas see Mixed Private-Public Ownership Companies “Empresa Mixta" (2011) This review of the empresa mixta model was undertaken to better understand its structure, applicability and strength in mitigating risks in the water and sanitation sector. The last two decades have provided many lessons on empresas mixtas, particularly in Latin America.
Below are examples of legal frameworks for “empresas mixtas” in several countries in Latin America. These laws cover water, energy, transportation, clean technology and telecommunications. This list also includes additional information, such as studies and analysis of the general legal framework.Examples Legal Frameworks for / Examples of Empresas Mixtas
Argentina
Decreto - Lei 1946 - DÍCTENSE NORMAS REFERENTES AL REGIMEN DE LAS SOCIEDADES DE ECONOMÍA MIXTA Decreto 15.349/46
Ley 11.672 COMPLEMENTARIA PERMANENTE DE PRESUPUESTO (t.o. 2014) ORDENAMIENTO TEMATICO
Ley 23.696/89
Ley 20.705/74
Concession model
Paper Las Sociedades de Economía Mixta y las Empresas del Estado en la Legislación Argentina"Brazil
Brazilian Constitution: "Sociedades de Economia Mista" financial fiscalization articles 70, and 71, II, creation by law article 37, XIX, legal framework article 173, § 1º, creation of subsidiary enterprise article 37, XX, infrastructure and provision service concessions article 22, XXVII,
Decreto-lei 200/67
Lei 6.404/76
Official Diary: This link contains administrative acts related to the provision of water services such as summaries of water and sanitation contractsColombia
Sistema Unico de Información de Servicios Públicos: General information regarding water sector and water and sanitation enterprises
National Planning Department of Colombia: General information regarding "Empresas Mixtas":Costa Rica
Costa Rica does not have specific legal Framework related to "Empresas Mixtas". However, they havelaws that authorize this kind of regime for specific enterprises such as: Líneas Aéreas Costarricenses, Refinadora Costarricense de Petróleos y Radiográfica Nacional. Costa Rica does not have a "Empresas Mixtas" regime for water and sanitation sector.El Salvador
Decree 2336/57 Ley sobre constitución de sociedades por acciones de economía mixtaPeru
Decree 1031/2008
Law 26887/1997: This is the General Corporation Law that addresses the public limited company that is used as the legal framework to "Empresas Mixtas"
Enterprises general information (Superintendencia Nacional de Servicios de Saneamiento)
Policymaker: National Direction of Sanitation - Ministry of Housing, Infrastructure and SanitationSpain
Joint Ventures and Industrial and Regional development Enterprises Taxation Regime Law 18/82
Spanish association of Water control and treatment enterprisesUruguay
Updated: November 20, 2020